Historical surveying processes
Geodetic datum
Geodetic datum is a coordinate reference system developed to assist surveyors, cartographers and navigators to describe geographic positions.
Measuring distances
Historical surveying tools used for measuring distances included the perambulator, Gunter's chain and steel tape, until distance measurement was standardised.
Measuring height
Read about tools that early explorers and surveyors used to measure the height of land.
Measuring angles
Historical surveying tools used for measuring angles including the circumferentor and theodolite.
Tools used for calculations
Historical surveying tools used for calculations including the curta and arithmometers.